Serving legal documents isn't always a one-shot deal—defendants dodge, move, or simply refuse to answer the door. When your process server can't complete the job on the first attempt, you'll face additional fees that can add up quickly. Understanding how multiple attempts work and what they cost will help you budget accurately and choose a server who's transparent about their pricing.
Why Multiple Attempts Happen
Process servers need to physically locate and hand documents to the named individual (or someone authorized to receive them on their behalf). If the defendant isn't home, avoids the process server, or provides false information about their location, the server must try again. Some jurisdictions require at least two or three separate attempts before allowing alternative service methods, which means you're locked into paying for each failed attempt.
Other common reasons for repeated tries include:
- The defendant works unusual hours or is rarely home
- Incorrect or outdated address information from your attorney
- The defendant actively evading service (hiring someone to screen visitors, giving false names to neighbors)
- Business addresses where the defendant no longer works
- Gated communities or secured buildings requiring special access
How Process Servers Typically Charge for Multiple Attempts
Most process servers use one of two pricing models:
Per-attempt billing: Each attempt (whether successful or not) costs a flat fee, usually $50–$150 per attempt depending on your location and the complexity. If it takes four tries, you're paying four times. This model is common in urban areas where servers make multiple visits in a single day.
Flat-rate service: Some firms charge a single fee ($150–$400+) that covers multiple attempts within a defined timeframe, often 30–60 days. Once they locate and serve the defendant, the job is done. This protects you from runaway costs if the defendant is difficult to find.
A few high-end investigators or specialized servers charge hourly rates ($75–$150/hour), which can make multiple attempts even more expensive if they're spending time staking out locations or conducting skip-tracing.
What to Expect: Timeline and Attempt Patterns
A typical service timeline looks like this:
- First attempt: Server visits the address within 1–3 days of receiving the documents
- Second attempt: 3–7 days later, often at a different time (early morning, evening) to catch the defendant
- Third attempt: Another 5–10 days out, possibly at a workplace or alternate location if discovered
- Beyond three attempts: Most servers will recommend filing for alternative service (certified mail, publication, or substituted service) rather than continuing indefinite attempts
If a defendant is truly unavailable, costs can escalate to $500–$1,000+ for a complete service including skip-tracing (background searches to locate updated addresses). Budget an extra $100–$200 if the server needs to investigate a new address.
Questions to Ask When Getting Quotes
Before hiring, clarify these points with your process server:
- Do they charge per attempt or offer a flat rate? Compare the total out-of-pocket risk.
- What's their success rate on first attempts? Experienced servers in your area will have higher first-attempt closes (70%+).
- How many attempts are included before additional fees kick in? Some bundle 2–3 attempts into the base price.
- Do they charge for skip-tracing if the defendant has moved? This is a common hidden cost.
- What's their timeline guarantee? Reputable servers commit to attempting service within 30–60 days.
- Will they provide proof of each attempt? You need documentation (photos, affidavits) for the court if service is disputed.
Keeping Costs Down
Getting accurate address information from your attorney or client is the single biggest cost-saver. Even a 10-year-old address or outdated phone number creates delays. If the defendant has moved, share that information immediately so the server doesn't waste attempts on an old location.
Choosing a local process server (rather than an out-of-state firm) also reduces per-attempt costs because they can visit nearby addresses in one trip. Mercoly lets you compare and find trusted process serving providers in your area with transparent pricing, making it easier to avoid surprise fees.
If you know the defendant has a job or regular routine, share that context. Servers who know to visit at 7 a.m. before work or at 6 p.m. after hours will close the case faster, saving you money on repeated attempts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can I be charged if the process server never finds the defendant? Yes—each failed attempt is typically a billable service. However, at a certain point (usually 3–4 attempts over 60 days), your attorney will petition the court for alternative service to avoid endless costs.
Q: What's the average cost difference between a first-attempt success and a three-attempt service? First-attempt service typically costs $75–$150; three-attempt service averages $250–$450 depending on your region and whether skip-tracing is needed.
Q: Should I ask the defendant's family or neighbors to help the process server? No—direct interference could invalidate service or create legal complications. Let the professional server handle location independently.
Ready to hire a reliable process server? Compare vetted providers and transparent pricing today.